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What is meant by Data flow design? Explain the symbols used for showing different components of data flow diagram. Answer: A data flow diagram shows how data is processed within a system based on inputs and outputs. Visual symbols are used to represent the flow of information, data sources and destinations, and where data is stored. Data flow diagrams are often used as a first step toward redesigning a system. They provide a graphical representation of a system at any level of detail, creating an easy-to-understand picture of what the system does. A general overview of a system is represented with a context diagram, also known as a level 0 DFD, which shows a system as a single process. A level 1 diagram provides greater detail, focusing on a system’s main functions. Diagrams that are level 2 or higher illustrate a system’s functioning with increasing detail. It’s rare for a DFD to go beyond level 2 because of the increasing complexity, which makes it less effective as a communic...

Differential verification from validation .Describe validation testing and validation test Criteria briefly? Answer : Definition of Validation : Validation process to evaluate the final product to check  the software meets the customer expectations and requirements. It is a dynamic mechanism of validating and testing the actual product. Definition Verification : The process of evaluating software to determine whether the products of a given development phase satisfy the conditions imposed at the start of that phase. Verification is a static practice of verifying documents, design, code and program. It includes all the activities associated with producing high quality software: inspection, design analysis and specification analysis. It is a relatively objective process. Verification helps to determine whether the software is of high quality, but it dose not ensure  that the system is useful. Verification is concerned with whether the system is well-engin...

Define complexity of the algorithm. Explain asymptotic notations.   Answer :when we want an estimate of the running time or other resource requirements of an algorithm. the analysis and keeps us thinking about the most important aspect: the growth rate. it is called asymptotic algorithm analysis To be precise, asymptotic analysis refers to the study of an algorithm as the input size “gets big” or reaches a limit (in the calculus sense). However, it has proved to be useful to ignore all constant factors it  asymptotic analysis is used for most algorithm comparisons Asymptotic is a form of “back of the envelope” estimation for algorithm resource consumption. It provides a simplified model of the running time or other resource needs of an algorithm. This simplification usually helps you understand the behavior of your algorithms. Just be aware of the limitations to asymptotic analysis in the rare situation where the constant is importent The following 3 a...